Porocarcinoma coexisting at a site of Bowen disease in a 63‐year‐old woman

Porocarcinoma is an unusual, locally aggressive and potentially fatal neoplasm. Several cutaneous malignancies have been described in association with porocarcinoma, including squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and tricholemmal carcinoma. Previous reports have indicated that the occurrence of malignant tumours in combination with porocarcinoma is extremely rare, in particular with regard to Bowen disease (BD). We report an uncommon case of porocarcinoma occurring synchronously in a single BD lesion in a 63‐year‐old woman with multiple BD lesions. The clinical and histological findings confirmed this diagnosis.     

Trajectory of adherence to home rehabilitation among older adults with hip fractures and cognitive impairment

This study aimed to identify different trajectories of adherence to home rehabilitation for older adults with hip fracture and cognitive impairment, to examine associations between different adherence trajectories and postoperative recovery outcomes, and to explore the predictors of adherence trajectories. Group-based trajectory modeling showed two adherence trajectories: low (39.06%) and high (60.94%) adherence. The high adherence group had better activities of daily living (β=11.77, p<.001), instrumental activities of daily living (β=0.56, p<.01), femoral muscular strength (β=3.35, p<.01) on the fractured side and quality of life (β=-0.81, p=.02) than the low adherence group. Participants who established exercise habits (OR=6.49, p<.01) and consulted a physical therapist (OR=4.29, p=.03) during hospitalization were more likely to be in the high adherence group.     

胆绿素改善大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制

  目的  探讨胆绿素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用以及机制。  方法  采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型（middle cerebral artery occlusion model，MCAO），给予胆绿素治疗后，采用改良版神经功能缺损评分评价大鼠神经功能缺损情况，干湿重法测定脑组织含水量，TTC染色测定脑梗死面积，Iba-1/DAPI染色标记缺血侧脑组织小胶质细胞活化情况，免疫荧光染色检测脑组织炎症因子TNF-α表达，Western blot测定脑组织Iba-1/CD68的蛋白表达。  结果  和IR组比较，胆绿素治疗可改善MCAO大鼠的神经功能缺损（P < 0.05），同时，还能减轻脑组织含水量（P < 0.05），降低大脑梗死面积（P < 0.05），以及降低缺血侧脑组织中小胶质细胞的表达和Iba-1/CD68蛋白的表达（P < 0.05）。此外，胆绿素治疗还能减少缺血侧脑组织中炎症因子TNF-α的表达（P < 0.05）。  结论  胆绿素在MCAO大鼠中可能通过抑制小胶质细胞活化而减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤。     

Accuracy of prehospital triage systems for mass casualty incidents in trauma register studies - A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies

BackgroundPrioritising patients in mass casualty incidents (MCI) can be extremely difficult. Therefore, triage systems are important in every emergency medical service. This study reviews the accuracy of primary triage systems for MCI in trauma register studies.MethodsWe registered a protocol at PROSPERO ID: CRD42018115438. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Central, Web of Science, Scopus, Clinical Trials, Google Scholar, and reference lists for eligible studies. We included studies that both examined a primary triage system for MCI in trauma registers and provided sensitivity and specificity for critically injured vs non-critically injured as results. We excluded studies that used paediatric, chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear MCIs populations or triage systems. Finally, we calculated intra-study relative sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio for each triage system.ResultsTriage Sieve (TS) significantly underperformed in relative diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) when compared to START and CareFlight (CF) (START vs TS: 19.85 vs 13.23 (p<0.0001)│CF vs TS: 23.72 vs 12.83 (p<0.0001)). There was no significant difference in DOR between TS and Military Sieve (MS) (p<0.710). Compared to START, MS and CF TS had significantly higher relative specificity (START vs TS: 93.6% vs 96.1% (p=0.047)│CF vs TS: 96% vs 95.3% (p=0.0006)│MS vs TS: 94% vs 88.3% (p=0.0002)) and lower relative sensitivity (START vs TS: 57.8% vs 34.8% (p<0.0001)│CF vs TS: 53.9% vs 34.7% (p<0.0001)│MS vs TS: 51.9% vs 35.2% p<0.0001)).CF had significantly better relative DOR than START (CF vs START: 23.56 vs 27.79 (p=0.043)). MS had significantly better relative sensitivity than CF and START (MS vs CF: 49.5% vs 38.7% (p<0.0001)│MS vs START: 49.4% vs 43.9% (p=0.01)). In contrast, CF had significantly better relative specificity than MS (MS vs CF: 91.3% vs 93.3% (p<0.0001)). The remaining comparisons did not yield any significant differences.ConclusionAs the included studies were at risk of bias and had heterogenic characteristics, our results should be interpreted with caution. Nonetheless, our results point towards inferior accuracy of Triage Sieve compared to START and CareFlight, and less firmly point towards superior accuracy of Military Sieve compared to START, CareFlight and Triage Sieve     

谷氨酰胺在危重病患者中的应用

目的探讨危重病患者中早期经静脉应用谷氨酰胺（glutamine，Gl）的临床价值。方法42例患者随机分成两组（对照组和Gln组），Gln组进行Gln治疗（100mL／d，共7d）。治疗前后检测患者体质量、白蛋白、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、握力的变化和肠功能不全的发生率。结果体质量两组治疗前后比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。白蛋白、握力和GSH Gl治疗后非常显著高于治疗前（P〈0．01）；白蛋白对照组治疗后较治疗前显著增高（P〈0．05），但握力和GSH治疗前后均无显著变化（P〉0.05）；肠功能不全的发生率Gln组为4．8％，显著低于对照组（28．6％，P〈0．05）。结论在危重病患者疾病早期通过静脉途径外源性地补充Gln，有效改善了患者的营养状况；使患者血浆中的GSH水平增高，加强了机体的抗氧化能力；减少了患者肠功能不全的发生率。     

APACHEⅢ评分对脑卒中病人预后的评估及相关因素的研究

目的 观察APACHEⅢ评分系统对脑卒中病人预后的预测效果，并对其相关影响因素进行分析．方法 136例脑卒中病人入院后在接受治疗前进行APACHEⅢ评分，再分别计算出每一例的预测死亡危险度；入院7d内每天作1次APACHEⅢ评分，实际观察结果分为死亡和存活两种．最后按病灶的位置分为两组：中线组和非中线组；再按脑出血的体积或脑梗死的容积分为两组：大病灶组和小病灶组。然后进行统计学处理．结果 死亡组的APACHEⅢ评分明显高于存活组；中线组的APACHEⅢ评分显著高于非中线组，其中，中线组的急性生理学评分和神经学评分均显著高于非中线组，而两组的年龄及慢性健康状况评分无显著性差异．大病灶组的评分高于小病灶组，其中，大病灶组的急性生理学评分和神经学评分均盟著高于小病灶组，而年龄及慢性健康状况评分无显著性差异．预测死亡危险度为0．4时准确度最高．结论 APACHEⅢ评分系统对评估脑卒中病人病情危重程度及预测死亡危险度具有重要的参考价值．